Within the brain and other parts of the nervous system, synapses are key junctional points in between neurons (the nerve cells) where critical signals are transmitted. More specifically, the ...

Healthy adult brains are endowed with a vast number of synapses, structures that relay signals across nerve cells to enable communications, information processing and storage throughout the nervous ...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progresses with synaptic failure caused by amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) toxicities at synapses. In aged individuals, the number of AD cases are increasing ...

Parallel ON and OFF (positive- and negative-contrast) pathways fundamental to vision arise at the complex synapse of cone photoreceptors. Cone pedicles form spatially segregated functionally opposite ...

Research led by Peking University, China, has discovered a single type of retinal photoreceptor cell in Drosophila (fruit fly) is involved in both visual perception and circadian photoentrainment by ...