Because pulse trains achieve excellent performance with a simple laser setup, passively mode-locked fiber lasers (MLFLs) based on nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) have numerous applications.
Mode-locked fibre lasers, featuring ultrafast temporal information, ultrahigh peak energy, and exceptional stability, have become essential tools in modern optics and industries, including ...
The birth of spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) can date back to the report of Wright and colleagues in 2017. Following this breakthrough, research on STML has thrived. However, our comprehension and ...